Existing scholarship has inadequately integrated the needs of elderly and child-friendly street environments, with limited examination from the spatial justice perspective. To address this gap, this study constructs a comprehensive evaluation framework for street space resource allocation that balances fairness and inclusivity. Empirically, multi-source data integration is employed to develop an indicator system encompassing five dimensions: safety and stability, accessibility, comfort and health, ecological naturality, and social inclusiveness. Three case studies—Huaihe Road Pedestrian Street, Cuimei Road, and Huizhou Avenue in Hefei—are selected. Evaluation methods include field measurements, questionnaire surveys, street-view image semantic segmentation, and POI data analysis, and a combined weighting method is applied to calculate the composite index of elderly and child-friendly street spaces for each case.The evaluation results reveal structural disparities in the elderly and child-friendly levels across the three streets. Huaihe Road Pedestrian Street demonstrates distinct advantages in safety and social inclusiveness but exhibits prominent justice deficits in ecological quality and travel convenience. Cuimei Road, affected by micro-level disorder and coarse-grained management, shows significant justice deficits in management and quality dimensions. Huizhou Avenue prioritizes traffic efficiency, largely compromising human-scale rights, thereby creating a justice deficit at the level of basic rights. The needs of older people and children are characterized by “consensus on safety as a bottom line” and “divergence in higher-order demands.” Spatial justice requires not only equitable resource distribution but also attention to differentiated demands. Based on these findings, differentiated optimization strategies centered on “justice compensation” and “rights empowerment” are proposed for the three types of street spaces representative of commercial vitality, living services, and traffic circulation. This study provides theoretical and practical references for promoting the transformation of street spaces from efficiency-oriented to age-inclusive and justice-oriented in urban renewal.

The balanced allocation of primary school facilities is a crucial underpinning for ensuring equity in compulsory education and building a people-oriented city. The existing network of primary school facilities, formed during the era of incremental urban development, faces challenges such as insufficient service coverage and bidirectional imbalances between supply and demand amidst urban spatial expansion and dynamic demographic shifts. Taking Beijing as the empirical case, this study integrates spatial analysis and explainable machine learning techniques to systematically investigate the spatial differentiation patterns, core influencing mechanisms, and renewal optimization strategies regarding the supply imbalance of primary school facilities. The results indicate that: (1) The per capita supply level of primary schools in Beijing exhibits significant concentric gradient differentiation. This is characterized by structural mismatches in the core zone, overall insufficiency in the intermediate zone, and a polarization of shortages and local oversupply in the peripheral zone. (2) Factors across the four dimensions of population, land, transportation, and economy exert non-linear influences and threshold effects on facility supply, with micro-level land use patterns and development intensity acting as key variables for regulating the match between supply and demand. Accordingly, this paper constructs an optimization system that combines zonal differentiated regulation with multi-dimensional collaborative governance and proposes precise optimization strategies, providing a basis for the balanced allocation of urban primary school facilities.